Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) (2002)

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Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas) 2002 year


Administrative divisions	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Age structure	0-14 years: NA% 15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA%
Agriculture - products	fodder and vegetable crops; sheep, dairy products
Airports	5 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 2 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 under 914 m: 1 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 3 3 under 914 m: 3 (2002)
Area	total: 12,173 sq km land: 12,173 sq km water: 0 sq km note: includes the two main islands of East and West Falkland and about 200 small islands
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Connecticut
Background	Although first sighted by an English navigator in 1592, the first landing (English) did not occur until almost a century later in 1690, and the first settlement (French) was not established until 1764. The colony was turned over to Spain two years later and the islands have since been the subject of a territorial dispute, first between Britain and Spain, then between Britain and Argentina. The UK asserted its claim to the islands by establishing a naval garrison there in 1833. Argentina invaded the islands on 2 April 1982. The British responded with an expeditionary force that landed seven weeks later and after fierce fighting forced Argentine surrender on 14 June 1982.
Birth rate	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $66.2 million expenditures: $67.9 million, including capital expenditures of $23.2 million
Capital	Stanley
Climate	cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but does not accumulate
Coastline	1,288 km
Constitution	3 October 1985; amended 1997 and 1998
Country name	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Falkland Islands (Islas Malvinas)
Currency	Falkland pound (FKP)
Death rate	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	$NA
Dependency status	overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina
Diplomatic representation from the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Diplomatic representation in the US	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Disputes - international	claimed by Argentina
Economic aid - recipient	none
Economy - overview	The economy was formerly based on agriculture, mainly sheep farming, but today fishing contributes the bulk of economic activity. In 1987 the government began selling fishing licenses to foreign trawlers operating within the Falklands exclusive fishing zone. These license fees total more than $40 million per year, which goes to support the island's health, education, and welfare system. Squid accounts for 75% of the fish taken. Dairy farming supports domestic consumption; crops furnish winter fodder. Exports feature shipments of high-grade wool to the UK and the sale of postage stamps and coins. The islands are now self-financing except for defense. The British Geological Survey announced a 200-mile oil exploration zone around the islands in 1993, and early seismic surveys suggest substantial reserves capable of producing 500,000 barrels per day; to date no exploitable site has been identified. An agreement between Argentina and the UK in 1995 seeks to defuse licensing and sovereignty conflicts that would dampen foreign interest in exploiting potential oil reserves. Tourism is increasing rapidly, with about 30,000 visitors in 2001. The second largest source of income is interest paid on money the government has in the bank. The British military presence also provides a sizeable economic boost.
Electricity - consumption	11.2 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports	0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production	12 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Usborne 705 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing by unlicensed vessels is a problem; reindeer were introduced to the islands in 2001 for commercial reasons; this is the only commercial reindeer herd in the world unaffected by the Chornobyl disaster
Ethnic groups	British
Exchange rates	Falkland pounds per US dollar - 0.6981 (January 2002), 0.6944 (2001), 0.6596 (2000), 0.6180 (1999), 0.6037 (1998), 0.6106 (1997); note - the Falkland pound is at par with the British pound
Executive branch	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Governor Howard PEARCE (since 3 December 2002); Chief Executive A. M. GURR (since NA); Financial Secretary D. F. HOWATT (since NA) cabinet: Executive Council; three members elected by the Legislative Council, two ex officio members (chief executive and the financial secretary), and the governor elections: none; the monarchy is hereditary; governor appointed by the monarch
Exports	0 kWh (1999)
Exports	$7.6 million (1995)
Exports - commodities	wool, hides, meat
Exports - partners	UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Fiscal year	1 April - 31 March
Flag description	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Falkland Island coat of arms in a white disk centered on the outer half of the flag; the coat of arms contains a white ram (sheep raising is the major economic activity) above the sailing ship Desire (whose crew discovered the islands) with a scroll at the bottom bearing the motto DESIRE THE RIGHT
GDP	purchasing power parity - $52 million (1996 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: NA% industry: NA% services: NA%
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $19,000
GDP - real growth rate	1%
Geographic coordinates	51 45 S, 59 00 W
Geography - note	deeply indented coast provides good natural harbors; short growing season
Highways	total: 550 km paved: at least 50 km unpaved: NA (2002)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	0 kWh (1999)
Imports	$24.7 million (1995)
Imports - commodities	fuel, food and drink, building materials, clothing
Imports - partners	UK, Japan, Chile, NZ
Independence	none (overseas territory of the UK; also claimed by Argentina)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%
Industries	wool and fish processing; sale of stamps and coins; tourism
Infant mortality rate	NA deaths/1,000 live births
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	3.6% (1998) (1998)
International organization participation	ICFTU
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	2 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court (chief justice is a nonresident); Magistrates Court (senior magistrate presides over civil and criminal divisions); Court of Summary Jurisdiction
Labor force	1,100 (est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 95% (mostly sheepherding and fishing)
Land boundaries	0 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (99% permanent pastures, 1% other) (1998 est.)
Languages	English
Legal system	English common law
Legislative branch	unicameral Legislative Council (10 seats - 2 ex officio, 8 elected by popular vote, members serve four-year terms); presided over by the governor elections: last held 22 November 2001 (next to be held NA November 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 8; note - 71% voter turnout
Life expectancy at birth	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Location	Southern South America, islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, east of southern Argentina
Map references	South America
Maritime claims	continental shelf: 200 NM exclusive fishing zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of the UK
Military branches	British Forces Falkland Islands no regular indigenous military forces; (includes Army, Royal Air Force, and Royal Navy), Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$NA
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	NA%
National holiday	Liberation Day, 14 June (1982)
Nationality	noun: Falkland Islander(s) adjective: Falkland Island
Natural hazards	strong winds persist throughout the year
Natural resources	fish, wildlife
Net migration rate	NA migrant(s)/1,000 population
Political parties and leaders	none; all independents
Political pressure groups and leaders	none
Population	2,967 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%
Population growth rate	2.44% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Stanley
Radio broadcast stations	AM 1, FM 7, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	1,000 (1997)
Railways	0 km
Religions	primarily Anglican, Roman Catholic, United Free Church, Evangelist Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Lutheran, Seventh-Day Adventist
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: NA domestic: government-operated radiotelephone and private VHF/CB radiotelephone networks provide effective service to almost all points on both islands international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) with links through London to other countries
Telephones - main lines in use	NA
Telephones - mobile cellular	NA
Television broadcast stations	2 (operated by the British Forces Broadcasting Service) note: cable television is available in Stanley (2002)
Terrain	rocky, hilly, mountainous with some boggy, undulating plains
Total fertility rate	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	full employment; labor shortage
Waterways	none

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